Proteinogenic vs Non-proteinogenic amino acids
Proteins are nitrogen containing bio molecules made up
of amino acids joined by peptide bond.
An amino acids consists of a central α carbon atom
joined by 4 groups namely Hydrogen (H), amino group (–NH2), carboxyl group
(-COOH) and side group (R-group).
Proteinogenic amino acids are “protein forming amino acids
where as non-proteinogenic amino acids not naturally incorporated into proteins
Proteinogenic amino acids
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Non-proteinogenic aminoacids
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Proteinogenic
amino acids are those which are naturally encoded in the genetic code of any
organism
|
Non-coded or non-proteinogenic amino acids
are those not naturally
encoded or found in the genetic code of any organism.
|
Natural amino
acids incorporated into proteins during translation
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Amino acids
not incorporated into proteins during translation
|
Protein
forming amino acids or amino acids that are natural constituents of proteins
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Not Protein
forming amino acids or amino acids that are not naturally incorporated into
proteins
|
Coded amino
acids or proteinogenic amino acids are those which are naturally encoded in
the genetic code of any organism
|
Non-coded or non-proteinogenic amino acids
are those not naturally
encoded or found in the genetic code of any organism.
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Examples: In Eukaryotes all 21 amino
acids including selenocysteine are proteinogenic. (Glycine, alanine, valine
etc)
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Ornithine,
citruline, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) etc
|
Forms all
proteins that carry out different activities of the cell like enzymes,
hormones like insulin.
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They are often
intermediates in biosynthesis with specific physiological functions.
For example GABA
is a neurotransmitter that blocks impulses between nerve cells in the brain.
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