5 Differences between Proteinogenic Amino Acid and Non-proteinogenic amino acids

Proteinogenic vs Non-proteinogenic amino acids

Proteins are nitrogen containing bio molecules made up of amino acids joined by peptide bond.

An amino acids consists of a central α carbon atom joined by 4 groups namely Hydrogen (H), amino group (–NH2), carboxyl group (-COOH) and side group (R-group).

Proteinogenic amino acids are “protein forming amino acids where as non-proteinogenic amino acids not naturally incorporated into proteins

Proteinogenic amino acids	Non-proteinogenic aminoacids
Proteinogenic amino acids are those which are naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism	Non-coded or non-proteinogenic amino acids are those not naturally encoded or found in the genetic code of any organism.
Natural amino acids incorporated into proteins during translation	Amino acids not incorporated into proteins during translation
Protein forming amino acids or amino acids that are natural constituents of proteins	Not Protein forming amino acids or amino acids that are not naturally incorporated into proteins
Coded amino acids or proteinogenic amino acids are those which are naturally encoded in the genetic code of any organism	Non-coded or non-proteinogenic amino acids are those not naturally encoded or found in the genetic code of any organism.
Examples: In Eukaryotes all 21 amino acids including selenocysteine are  proteinogenic. (Glycine, alanine, valine etc)	Ornithine, citruline, Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) etc
Forms all proteins that carry out different activities of the cell like enzymes, hormones like insulin. See 8 different functions of proteins here	They are often intermediates in biosynthesis with specific physiological functions. For example GABA is a neurotransmitter that blocks impulses between nerve cells in the brain.