Cerebroside vs Ganglioside
Glycolipids are lipids that contain a sugar residue. The sugar can be a monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, or polysaccharide. Cerebroside and Ganglioside are glycolipids.
Cerebroside |
Ganglioside |
Cerebrosides
are the simplest glycosphingolipids with a single sugar linked to ceramide. |
Ganglioside
are complex glycosphingolipids with an oligosaccharide fragment linked to
ceramide. |
Cerebrosides
contain a single sugar residue linked to ceramide |
Gangliosides
contain a ceramide, a number of sugar groups, and sialic acid. |
Formed by the joining of monosaccharides connected
directly to the –OH at C-1 of the ceramide moiety by glycosidic bond |
Formed by the
joining of complex oligosaccharides at C1 head group, (D- glucose , D-
galactose, n-acetyl D galactosamine and N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA)
(sialic acid) |
Cerebroside
are neutral glycolipids |
Gangliosides
have a net-negative charge at pH 7.0 (acidic) due to the presence of N-acetyl
neuraminic acid or sialic acid on one or more of its terminal sugar units. |
Examples:galactosylceramide (galactocerebroside) with β-d-galactose as the
monosaccharide unit and glucosylceramide (glucocerebroside) with and β-d-glucose |
GM1, GM2, GM3, GM1b, GD1α, ~ 188 gangliosides with different carbohydrate structures have been identified in vertebrates |
Occurrence and Function: Cerebrosides are abundant in brain white matter and nerve myelin sheaths and are present in small quantity within the cell membranes of other tissues. Galactosylceramide
(Galβ1-1'Cer) is the principal glycosphingolipid in brain tissue, insulate the axons
of neuronal cells and constitute a substantial component of the extended
plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes Glucosylceramide
With glucose present in non neural tissues, liver spleen, lungs, retina. Glucosylceramide
is a major constituent of skin lipids, where it is essential for lamellar
body formation in the stratum corneum and to maintain the water permeability
barrier of the skin. |
Gangliosides
abundant in grey matter at nerve endings, ganglions and at specific hormone
receptor sites on cell surfaces Functions:
molecular recognition, modulation of membrane proteins and ion channels, in
cell signaling and cell to cell communications |
Gaucher
disease is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by mutations in the
gene for glucocerebrosidase. |
Ganglioside
accumulation is toxic to neurons) Guillain-Barré
syndrome, an acute polyradiculoneuropathy that leads to acute quadriplegia,
is caused by an autoimmune response to cell surface gangliosides Lysosomal
storage diseases such as GM1 gangliosidosis and GM2 gangliosidosis (Tay-Sachs
disease and Sandhoff disease) are caused by defects in the lysosomal
glycosidases or specific co-activators, resulting in accumulation of the substrates,
such as glycosphingolipids, including gangliosides. Alzheimer’s
disease,the neurodegenerative disease, has been proposed to be initiated by
aggregation of amyloid-β peptide caused by gangliosides |
Yu, R. K., Tsai, Y. T.,
Ariga, T., & Yanagisawa, M. (2011). Structures, biosynthesis, and functions
of gangliosides--an overview. Journal of oleo science, 60(10),
537–544.
Post a Comment
We Love to hear from U :) Leave us a Comment to improve this site
Thanks for Visiting.....