Difference between DNA and Protein (DNA vs Protein)

Bio molecules are molecules naturally present in a cell that is responsible for carrying out the structural and functional activities of a cell or an organism as a whole. The four major types of bio molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA where as amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

DNA vs Protein

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)	Proteins
DNA is made up of nucleotides	Proteins are made up of amino acids
Each nucleotide consists of a three components: a nitrogenous base, which can be either adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine; a five-carbon sugar, called deoxyribose and a phosphate group.	Each amino acid consists of a basic amino group (−NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (−COOH), a hydrogen, and a side chain bonded to the central α carbon atom. Side chain is unique to each amino acid.
There are 4 different nucleotides that form DNA	There are 20 different standard amino acids  that form protein
The primary bond between adjacent nucleotides is phosphodiester bond. Bonds in DNA	The primary bond between adjacent amino acids is peptide bond.( Bonds in protein structure)
The structure of DNA is double helix	Proteins shows wide variety of structure. The biologically active 3 dimensional tertiary structure is extensively folded
Most DNA is located in cell nucleus and small amount in semi autonomous organelles namely mitochondrion (mtDNA) and chloroplast (cpDNA).	Proteins are located throughout the cell
DNA replication takes place inside the nucleus	Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes out-side the nucleus in the cytoplasm
DNA has an overall negative charge due to the phosphate backbone	The charge of a protein depends on the constituent amino acid
DNA is readily soluble in water	Water solubility of the proteins depends on the constituent amino acids. More hydrophobic amino acids makes them less soluble
DNA is the genetic material with capacity of self replication and it also directs protein synthesis through mRNA. Difference between DNA and RNA	Proteins has diverse functions as enzymes, structural proteins (collagen), transport proteins (Hb), defense proteins (antibodies), storage proteins (ovalbumin), regulatory proteins as hormones (insulin), toxic proteins (snake venom) etc See more: Protein function