Fungi are a group of microscopic as well as macroscopic, spore bearing, chlorophyll lacking, filamentous and heterotrophic thallophytes which reproduce asexually and sexually. Fungi are classified into slime moulds, oomycetes and true fungi. The Oomycetes (water moulds) are primarily aquatic fungi live as saprophytes or parasites. Although oomycetes morphologically similar to true fungi and exhibit absorptive nutrition and thus long classified with them, following features show that there are profound biological differences between oomycetes and true fungi.
Oomycetes
|
True fungi
|
Diploid
somatic thallus
|
Haploid
somatic thallus
|
Cellulose cell
wall
|
Chitin
present, No cellulose cell wall
|
Mitochondria
cristae, tubular
|
Mitochondria
cristate, plate like
|
Hydroxyprotine
wall protein present
|
Hydroxyprotine
wall protein absent
|
Lysine
biosynthesis Like plants, use diamino
pimelic acid pathway
|
Like
animals, use aminoadipic acid pathway
|
Oomycetes vs True fungi
1. Somatic
phases of oomycetes are diploid, whereas it is haploid in true fungi.
2. Meiosis
occurs in developing sex organs or gametangia
3. Many produce
egg cells during sexual reproduction. They are also known as egg fungi.
4. Most members
produce swimming biflagellate zoospores with an anterior tinsel flagellum and a
posterior whiplash flagellum.
5.The cell
wall is mainly cellulosic in composition rather than chitionous as is the case
in true fungi.
7. The
vegetative thallus resembles the algal thallus in general construction.
8.The hyphal
walls off oomycetes contain aminoacid hydroxyprotine which is not found other
fungi, but is characteristic of the cell walls of green algae.
9. A number of
biochemical synthetic pathways in the oomycetes are very different than those
present on all other true fungi. Oomycetes like the plants synthesise lysine
using diaminopimelic acid pathway rather than through the aminoadipic acid
pathway.
10. Oomycetes have tubular mitochondrial cristae. All other fungi have plate like
mitochondrial cristae.
11.Sexual
reproduction in oomycetes in oogaamous. It takes place by gametagial contact
resulting in a characteristic thick walled resting spore, called an oospore.
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