Chromosomal
DNA contains instructions as genes for survival, growth and reproduction of an
organism. Plasmids are extra chromosomal, self-replicating DNA present in
prokaryotes.
Chromosomal DNA vs Plasmid DNA
Chromosomal DNA
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Plasmid DNA
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Chromosomal DNA carries genetic
information as genes in all organisms except some viruses
|
Plasmids are double stranded circular
DNA present in prokaryotes
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Chromosomal DNA is genomic DNA
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Plasmid DNA is extra chromosomal DNA
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Chromosomal DNA present in both
prokaryotes and eukaryotes
|
Plasmid DNA is present only in
prokaryotes
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Chromosomal DNA is linear in
eukaryotes and circular in prokaryotes
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Plasmid DNA is always circular in
prokaryotes
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Chromosomal DNA much larger in size
than plasmid DNA
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Plsamid DNA size up to 200kb
|
Generally 1 copy of chromosomal DNA in
haploid organisms and 2 copies in diploid organisms
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Plasmid copy number per cell ranges
from 15 to 700 copies per cell.
15/cell called as low copy number
plasmids and 700/cell as high copy number plasmids
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Chromosomal DNA replicates only with
the replication of genomic DNA
|
Plasmid DNA can replicate independent
of bacterial genomic DNA replication
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Chromosomal DNA in eukaryotes have
exons and introns, prokaryotic chromosomal DNA has open reading frame, that
is with only coding sequences
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Plasmid has open reading frame, that
is devoid of introns or non-coding sequences
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Chromosomal DNA carries genes
essential for the survival of organism
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Plasmid DNA generally contain genes
that codes for proteins involved in antibiotic resistance (R plasmid),
fertility factor (F plasmids, or colicin production (Col plasmid)
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Chromosmal DNA is used in the study of
genome of an organisms
|
Plasmids are widely used in rDNA
technology as cloning vector
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*Colicin: Colicins are bactericidal proteins produced by some
strains of bacteria, that kills bacteria of the same species.
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