What is Symbiosis? Difference between Mutualism, Commensalism and Parasitism

What is Symbiosis?

Symbiosis refers to a close and long-term interaction between two different species, which can be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.      

• Lichens (algae and fungi).
• Clownfish and sea anemones.

Watch our video here: 10 Species Interactions in Ecosystem with Examples-Ecology 6 Minutes

3 Types of Symbiosis

1.Mutualism: Both species benefit from the interaction.  

Examples:

• Bees and flowering plants: Bees pollinate flowers while collecting nectar.
• Clownfish and sea anemones: Clownfish receive protection from predators while providing nutrients to the anemones.

2.Commensalism:  One species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.       

Examples

• Barnacles on whales: Barnacles attach to whales for mobility and feeding without affecting the whale.
• Epiphytic plants on trees: Plants like orchids grow on trees to access sunlight without harming the tree.
• Remoras and sharks: Remoras attach to sharks for transportation and feeding on leftover scraps.

3.Parasitism: One species benefits at the expense of the other.

• Tapeworms in mammals: Tapeworms live in the intestines of hosts, absorbing nutrients.
• Fleas on dogs: Fleas feed on the blood of dogs, causing discomfort and potential health issues.
• Mistress plants (e.g., dodder): These plants attach to host plants and extract nutrients.

Learn More:

For detailed summary notes with examples:  10 Species interactions with examples chart notes

Buy or download free worksheets from our TPT store. This is a great way to support our free  biology resource sharing network.

• Species Interactions 5 Worksheets, Crossword and Word Search Activity

Thank you :)