Difference between Genome, Transcriptome, Proteome and Metabolome

Genome vs Transcriptome vs Proteome vs Metabolome

Genome: 

• It is the complete set of genes in a cell or an organism.
• It includes coding genes, non-coding genes, mitochondrial genes, and chloroplast genes in plants.
• The study of genome is called genomics.

Transcriptome: 

• It is the complete set of RNA transcribed from a genome.
• It includes coding RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNA (rRNA, tRNA).
• The study of transcriptome is called transcriptomics.

Proteome:

• It is the complete set of proteins translated from a genome.
• It includes structural proteins, non-structural proteins, functional proteins and enzymes.
• The study of proteome is called proteomics.

Understand more: Difference between genomics and proteomics

Metabolome:

• It is the completes et of low molecular weight metabolites in a living system or it includes all small molecules formed because of cell metabolism.
• It includes amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, sugars, alcohols, aldehydes etc.
• NMR and mass spectrometry is used to identify and quantify different metabolites.
• Metabolome is very dynamic compared to genome, transcriptome and proteome.
• The study of metabolome is called metabolomics.